Ever since the control bug bit me in my EE undergrad years I am happy to see how useful the knowledge remains. Of course the underlying math of optimization remains general but the direct applications of control theory made it much more appetizing for me to struggle through.
It's not clear or obvious why continuous semantics should be applicable on a digital computer. This might seem like nitpicking but it's not, there is a fundamental issue that is always swept under the rug in these kinds of analysis which is about reconciling finitary arithmetic over bit strings & the analytical equations which only work w/ infinite precision over the real or complex numbers as they are usually defined (equivalence classes of cauchy sequences or dedekind cuts).
There are no dedekind cuts or cauchy sequences on digital computers so the fact that the analytical equations map to algorithms at all is very non-obvious.
Continuous formulations are used with digital computers all the time. Limited precision of floats sometimes causes numerical instability for some algorithms, but usually these are fixable with different (sometimes less efficient) implementations.
Discretizing e.g. time or space is perhaps a bigger issue, but the issues are usually well understood and mitigated by e.g. advanced numerical integration schemes, discrete-continuous formulations or just cranking up the discretization resolution.
Analytical tools for discrete formulations are usually a lot less developed and don't as easily admit closed-form solutions.
Doesn't continuous time basically mean "this is what we expect for sufficiently small time steps"? Very similar to how one would for example take the first order Taylor dynamics and use them for "sufficiently small" perturbations from equilibrium. Is there any other magic to continuous time systems that one would not expect to be solved by sufficiently small time steps?
You should look into condition numbers & how that applies to numerical stability of discretized optimization. If you take a continuous formulation & naively discretize you might get lucky & get a convergent & stable implementation but more often than not you will end up w/ subtle bugs & instabilities for ill-conditioned initial conditions.
I understand that much, but it seems like "your naive timestep may need to be smaller than you think or you need to do some extra work" rather than the more fundamental objection from OP?
The translation from continuous to discrete is not automatic. There is a missing verification in the linked analysis. The mapping must be verified for stability for the proper class of initial/boundary conditions. Increasing the resolution from 64 bit floats to 128 bit floats doesn't automatically give you a stable discretized optimizer from a continuous formulation.
There are no dedekind cuts or cauchy sequences on digital computers so the fact that the analytical equations map to algorithms at all is very non-obvious.
Discretizing e.g. time or space is perhaps a bigger issue, but the issues are usually well understood and mitigated by e.g. advanced numerical integration schemes, discrete-continuous formulations or just cranking up the discretization resolution.
Analytical tools for discrete formulations are usually a lot less developed and don't as easily admit closed-form solutions.